Stone

__Stone __


====Stones are mineral materials produced by different geologic process. Not only the pieces of rock are considered as a stone, many other materials are, like sand and clay. ====

====The basic characteristics of stones are their tinkle structure, their hardness, most of it come from bigger and older rocks, and their irregular shapes. Many stones are used as industrial rocks, industry make the most of the physicochemical properties, using them for constructions, for example, sand, plaster, granite, quartz and clay. Others are used as mineral stones, because of their own basic chemic elements, like copper, iron and aluminum. ====

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====Stones are important solid materials composed of minerals and sands. They are really usefull in construction, stones are well-known as materials for their durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment and their use naturally. But, they have some disadvantages as well, like their difficulty to carry, transport and cut, their weakness in tension, their high cost and their unstabilty with loads pushing at angles. ==== ====Stones can be shaped to build a structure from it, this preparation is called stonework. The stonework is divided into two types, rubble and Ashlar-Masonry. Rubble , is the cheapest and simplest stonework, when irregular fragments or pieces of rock are bound in mortar, and ashlar-masonry is the strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture, consists on preparing uniform, rectangular blocks of stone with parallel faces, this stonework was used in the construction of classical Greek and Roman buildings. ==== ====With respect to the bonding process, stones are barely bonded, they are individual materials, but when a quantity are linked together with the help of other stones like clay or plaster, a great structure can result. Ashlar-masonry does not depend on strong bonding for stability where it supports only direct downwards load s. The best stone bonding is when blocks are placed in a specific position so that the vertical joints in one course are not about the joints in the course above and below, since the stone resists deformation better than any bonding material. ==== Stone has been used for building since the Stone Age. Although it has generally been replaced as a structural material by cheaper and more efficient manufactured products, it is still widely used as a surface veneer for its practical and expressive qualities.

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