Iron+&+Steel

 __Iron & Steel__ 

__Iron__  C haracteristics: - Iron is a ductile, gray, relatively soft metal and is a moderately good conductor of heat and electricity. - Molds to any shape. - Strong in compression. - Is chemically very reactive and rusts readily in moist air, forming red-brown oxides. - Iron is considered to be non-toxic. - Iron is the cheapest and most important of all metals - important in the sense that iron is overwhelmingly the most commonly used metal, accounting for 95 percent of worldwide metal production. - Iron is used to manufacture steel and other alloys important in construction and manufacturing. - Iron is also vital in the functioning of living organisms, transporting oxygen in blood via the hemoglobin molecule. - Weaker than steel in tension, breaks without warning.

__Steel__ Characteristics:  - Has great elasticity and its retention of magnetism. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- One of the strongest materials used in construction, strong in compression and tension <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- When steel is raised to a red heat and then suddenly cooled, it becomes hard and brittle. This process, which is known as hardening, has no effect upon pure wrought iron. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- Tempering is a characteristic of steel which distinguishes it from iron. If steel has been hardened by being heated and suddenly cooled, as above described, it may be softened again by applying a lower degree of heat and again cooling. This is known as tempering. I ron, on the contrary, though it is hardened by the first process, cannot be softened by the second. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- When a bar of steel is struck it gives out a sharp metallic ring, quite different from the sound produced by striking wrought iron.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__**V**ideos__: Corrugated Iron in Australia and Iron & Steel workers

__<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Corrugated Iron in Australia: __ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">What corrugated iron is <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Corrugated iron is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip galvanised mild steel cold-rolled to have a linear corrugated pattern in them.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Characteristics <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">It is cheap, easy to transport, durable, strong, supple and available everywhere.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Uses through history <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- Simbolizes australian architecture <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- It was originally made from wrought iron. It was because of its characteristics that it soon became a common construction material in rural areas in the United States and England. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- In 1850's corrugated iron houses where transported from England to Australia. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- In Australia became the most common roofing material and is even used in urban areas but not as commonly as in rural areas. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- Corrugated iron went important on farms and is steel used today on it <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- There are steel structures between 50 a 100 years old that survived today. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- There are still many corrugated structures all around Australia, like churches. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- Corrugated iron biggest impact: industry <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- It was also valued by aborigines, because of it water proof accomodation, quick and cheap houses. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">- Artist uses corrugated iron as a simbol of Australia

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__Steel & Iron workers__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">What it takes to be an iron worker: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Iron workers have to be in good physical conditions and have great strength, because this kind of work is frequently done at great heights, on narrow beams, agility, balance and good eye sight are essential. Individuals who choose this career shouldn't be afraid of heights or suffer fron dizziness.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__Iron & Steel podcast__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">What is the importance of the introduction of iron and steel as construction materials for architecture and urban planning? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">The development of construction methods in iron and steel was the most important innovation in architecture since ancient times. These methods provide <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">far stronger and taller structures with less expenditure of material than stone, <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">brick, or wood and can produce greater unsupported spans over openings and interior or exterior spaces.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__Chatlog__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Hey girls! How are you?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">mariannemasp dice: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">good how about you Ale? And lore?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Fine thanks! So girls let’s talk about some building materials. Do you guys know about iron, stone, brick and steel?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">mariannemasp dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Yes! We know what they are made of and how they are used in constructions

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Exactly! We also know about their advantages and disadvantages

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Ok sounds good, but what are the advantage s of iron and steel over stone and brick? We should know about this in order to choose the right material when it comes to building a certain structure

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">mariannemasp dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Well I know that steel and iron can be used for far stronger and taller structures with less expenditure than stone, brick, or wood and they can also be used to produce greater unsupported spans over openings, interior or exterior spaces.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Yes that’s right! And Ale do you know what is the importance of steel and iron after the 20th Century?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">The evolution of steel frame construction in the 20th century entirely changed the concept of the wall and the support. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">The ability of cast iron to bear loads and to be produced in an endless variety of forms, in addition to is resistance to fire and corrosion, quickly encouraged architectural adaptations, firs as columns and arches and afterward in skeletal structures. Cast iron was later replaced by steel because of its strength, elasticity and high resistance to stress. Welding steel allowed more continuous structures that could withstand more stress.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Perfect girls, what else?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">mariannemasp dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Well do you all know the characteristics of steel? It is very important to know this so we can use it to our advantage. Steel is more strong, elastic, and workable than cast iron and it’s high resistant when applied all types of stress (tension, compression and bending)

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">That is very good to know Marianne, and it can come in handy in the future! I think we should also know the disadvantages of steel, and more importantly, what solutions have been found. Normally, steel must be protected against corrosion by covering its surface, but alloys such as stainless steel have been developed for exposed surfaces. Aluminum and other light metal alloys have come to be favored for exterior construction because of they are weather resistant and don’t corrode.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Wow girls you sure did your research! The only thing I want to add is the definition of welding, its importance, and its characteristics. Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material. Many different energy sources or tools can be used for welding, including a gas flame, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound. Welding may be performed in many different environments, including open air, under water and in outer space. Welding is a potentially hazardous undertaking and precautions are required to avoid burns, electric shock, vision damage, inhalation of poisonous gases and fumes, and exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">mariannemasp dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Now, don’t you girls wonder what shapes are formed with steel?A variety of shapes can be formed with steel; the most common are plates, angles, beams, and u-shaped channels.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Precisely! I think we have covered many different and interesting things about steel but I wonder if aluminum and stainless steel are heavy metal alloys.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">mariannemasp dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">I can answer that! Aluminum is a light metal alloy but on the opposite stainless steel is a heavy metal alloy

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Thanks Marianne and Ale, I think we have learned a lot about these materials in this chat

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Yes I think this is a great way to share ideas and the knowledge we have about these materials! It was nice talking to you guys! Talk to you later!!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">alecarrillo91 dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">ok girls bye!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">loredananeves dice: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">bye (:

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__Select 5 words from the games and write a paragraph related to your field using the 5 words selected.__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Engineering material is each material used in __construction__ in one form or other, where each one has it own application. some engineering materials are __stone, brick, steel__ and __metals__. Bricks are made from clay, it makes them sufficiently strong for use as construction materials. It is the most commonly used building material. Brick <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">is light easily available uniform in shape and size and relatively cheaper except in hilly areas. Steel is strong with tensile strengths. Steel is also ductile and the combination of strength and ductility adds up to give steel great toughness and resistance to shock.