Brick

__ Brick __ 

What are they made of? Bricks are small units of building material, often made from comprising of cement, sand and water and secured with mortar.

What are they used for? They are used for building and pavement.

How many types of brick are there? -__Building bricks (common):__ is made from ordinary clay or shale. This bricks have no special color or texture because building bricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls, the harder and more durable types are preferred.

- __Face brick__ has better quality and durability than building brick. F ace bricks are used in exposed wall faces. The most common face brick colors are brown, red, gray, yellow, and white.

- __Clinker brick:__ Clinker bricks are usually rough, hard, durable, and sometimes irregular in shape.

- __Pressed brick:__ is made by a dry-press process. They have regular, smooth faces, sharp edges, and perfectly square corners. Ordinarily, they are used like face brick.

- __Glazed brick__ has one surface coated with a white or colored ceramic glazing. The glazing forms when mineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coating during burning. Glazed bricks are particularly suited to walls or partitions in hospitals, dairies, laboratories, and other structures requiring sanitary conditions and easy cleaning.

- __Fire brick:__ is made from a special type of clay. This clay is very pure and uniform and is able to resist the high temperatures of fireplaces, boilers, and similar constructions. Fire bricks are generally larger than other structural bricks and are often hand-molded.

- __Cored bricks:__ have ten holes—two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight. Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick. Also, both have about the same resistance to moisture penetration.

 -__European brick__ has strength and durability about equal to U.S. clay brick. This is particularly true of the English and Dutch types.

 -__Sand-lime brick:__ is made from a lean mixture of slaked lime and fine sand. Sand-lime bricks are molded under mechanical pressure. These bricks are used extensively in Germany.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">What is the meaning of //brick laying techniques//? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Brick laying techniques are the different methods to make a structure out of bricks. It's when an amount of bricks are fit together to form a concrete.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Describe 2 brick laying technique. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;"> - __The running bond__ is the simplest one, consisting of all stretchers. Because the bond has no headers, metal ties usually form the structural bond. The running bond is used largely in cavity wall construction, brick veneer walls, and facing tile walls made with extra wide stretcher tile.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;"> -The common, or __American bond__ is a variation of the running bond, having a course of full-length headers at regular intervals that provide the structural  bond as well as the pattern. Header courses usually appear at every fifth, sixth, or seventh course, depending on the structural bonding requirements.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">What are their advantages and disadvantages? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Advantages: Their structural material is fire-and-weather resistant and they are easy of production, transportation, and laying. Also bricks shapes can be produced by molding to meet particular structural or expressive requirements.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__Thoughts on the use of brick in construction and public spaces__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Bricks are the most common choice in construction and public spaces. Their structural material is fire-and-weather resistant and they are easy of production, transportation, and laying. Also bricks shapes can be produced by molding to meet particular structural or expressive requirements. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">media type="file" key="use of brick.mp3" width="240" height="20"

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__ Worksheet 2: __ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">a. Comparison and contrast <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- Brick __compares__ favorably with stone as a structural material for its fire-and-weather resisting qualities and for the ease of production, transportation and laying. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">b. Description <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">-... since the unit __is__ too small, too light, and too irregular...

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">c. Exemplification <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">__-For example__, wedge-shaped bricks are sometimes employed in arch construction and bricks with rounded faces in columns.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">d. Cause/Effect <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">-Bricks may be used in construction only in conjunction with mortar, __since__ the unit is too small, too light, and too irregular to be stabilized by weight. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;"> e. Chronology <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- Brick which has been used __since the 4th millennium BC__, was the chief building material in the ancient Near East. The versatility of the medium was expanded in ancient Rome by improvements in the manufacture of both brick and mortar and by new techniques of laying and bonding. Employed throughout the Middle Ages, brick grained greater popularity __from the 16th Century__ on, particularly in northern Europe. It is widely used in the __20th Century__, often for nonbearing walls in steel frame constructions.